He was also a scientist , cosmologist , mathematician and music theorist. In Islamic philosophical tradition he was often called "the Second Teacher", following Aristotle who was known as "the First Teacher". Through his works, he became well-known in the West as well as the East. The existing variations in the basic accounts of al-Farabi's origins and pedigree indicate that they were not recorded during his lifetime or soon thereafter by anyone with concrete information, but were based on hearsay or guesses as is the case with other contemporaries of al-Farabi. Little is known about his life. Early sources include an autobiographical passage where al-Farabi traces the history of logic and philosophy up to his time, and brief mentions by Al-Masudi , Ibn al-Nadim and Ibn Hawqal.
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Background: Outcomes after surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus PDA in preterm infants are often complicated by prematurity associated comorbidities. The Aristotle comprehensive complexity score ACCS has been proposed as a useful tool for complexity adjustment in the analysis of outcome after congenital heart surgery. The aims of this study were to define preoperative risk factors for mortality and to demonstrate the usefulness of ACCS to predict mortality after surgical ligation of PDA in the preterm. Median gestational age was Median age at operation was 15 days range, 4 to 44 days and median weight was 1, g range, to 2, g. Initial oral ibuprofen was ineffective in 24 patients and contraindicated in All surgical ligations were done at bedside in the neonatal intensive care unit. Preoperative clinical and laboratory profiles were reviewed and ACCS was derived. Results: Eight of 49 patients Patients who had contraindications for oral ibuprofen odds ratio [OR] 8.
In ancient Greece , mimesis was an idea that governed the creation of works of art, in particular, with correspondence to the physical world understood as a model for beauty, truth , and the good. Plato contrasted mimesis, or imitation , with diegesis , or narrative. After Plato , the meaning of mimesis eventually shifted toward a specifically literary function in ancient Greek society, and its use has changed and been reinterpreted many times since. One of the best-known modern studies of mimesis, understood as a form of realism in literature, is Erich Auerbach 's Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature , which opens with a famous comparison between the way the world is represented in Homer 's Odyssey and the way it appears in the Bible. From these two seminal texts, the Odyssey being Western and the Bible having been written by a variety of Mid-Eastern writers, Auerbach builds the foundation for a unified theory of representation that spans the entire history of Western literature, including the Modernist novels being written at the time Auerbach began his study. In art history , "mimesis", "realism" and "naturalism" are used, often interchangeably, as terms for the accurate, even "illusionistic", representation of the visual appearance of things.
